Step-by-step Guide for Linux Installation – Install Linux on Windows

Linux, an open-source operating system, offers unparalleled flexibility, security, and robustness, becoming a popular choice among many users and corporations worldwide. However, for those accustomed to the more conventional interfaces of Windows or MacOS, the process of installing Linux might seem daunting. This article will provide a detailed, step-by-step guide to successfully installing Linux on your computer.

9 Pre-Installation Steps

Step 1: Choose a Linux Distribution

There are many Linux distributions available, each with its own set of advantages. Ubuntu, Fedora, and Debian are some of the more popular ones for beginners due to their user-friendly interface and substantial community support. For this guide, we will focus on Ubuntu as it is one of the most accessible and frequently updated Linux distributions.

Step 2: Download the Linux Distribution

Download the ISO file for your chosen Linux distribution from its official website. For Ubuntu, visit ubuntu.com, navigate to the download section, and select the version you prefer. Generally, for home users, the latest stable version is recommended.

Step 3: Create a Bootable USB Drive

To install Linux, you’ll need to create a bootable USB drive. You can use software like Rufus (Windows) or Etcher (MacOS and Linux) for this task. After downloading and installing the software, select the ISO file you downloaded and the USB drive you want to use, then click “Start” or “Flash”.

Step 4: Backup Your Data

Before installing a new operating system, it is essential to back up your data to avoid losing important files in case of errors during the installation process.

Installing Linux

Now that we’ve taken care of the preparatory steps, we’ll delve into the actual installation process.

Step 5: Boot from USB

Insert the bootable USB drive into your computer. Restart your computer, and enter the BIOS/UEFI setup by pressing the relevant key (usually F2, F10, F12, or Del, but it varies depending on the manufacturer). In the boot order options, select the USB drive and restart your computer. You should now boot into the Linux installer.

Step 6: Choose the Right Installation Type

In the Ubuntu installer, you will be presented with several installation types. For beginners, the “Erase disk and install Ubuntu” option is recommended as it automatically configures all the partitions. However, if you want a dual-boot setup with your current operating system, select “Install Ubuntu alongside” option.

Step 7: Follow the Installation Instructions

Now, follow the on-screen prompts. You’ll be asked to select your language, location, and keyboard layout. Then, you will need to input your name, computer’s name, username, and a strong password.

Step 8: Install Updates and Third-Party Software

During the installation process, you’ll also have the option to install updates and third-party software. It is recommended to check these options to ensure your system is up-to-date and has the necessary drivers.

Step 9: Wait for Installation to Complete

The installer will now copy the files and install Linux onto your computer. This process may take some time, so be patient. Once the installation is completed, you will be prompted to restart your computer.

6 Post-Installation Steps

Once you’ve installed a Linux distribution, there are several post-installation steps you should take to ensure that your system is secure, up-to-date, and ready to use.

1. Update your system: The first thing to do after installing any operating system is to make sure all your packages are up-to-date. For most Linux distributions, this is done with a package manager such as apt, yum, or pacman. Here is the command for distributions that use apt (like Ubuntu or Debian):
   sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade

2. Create a new user: If the installation process didn’t prompt you to create a non-root user, you should create one now. Using the root user for everyday tasks can be dangerous, as it has access to system-critical files. Here’s how to create a new user (replace ‘username’ with the name you want):
   sudo adduser username


   Then add the user to the sudo group to give them administrative privileges:

   sudo usermod -aG sudo username

3. Install additional software: Depending on your needs, you might want to install some additional software. Here are some common ones:
   • Text editor: Vim, Emacs, or Nano
   • Web browser: Firefox or Chromium
   • Office suite: LibreOffice
   • Media player: VLC
   • Graphics editor: GIMP

   Here’s how you’d install them with apt:

   sudo apt-get install vim firefox libreoffice vlc gimp
4. Install drivers: Depending on your hardware, you might need to install additional drivers. This is often the case for Wi-Fi adapters and graphics cards. Check the manufacturer’s website for Linux drivers.
5. Configure system settings: Now’s the time to adjust any system settings to your liking. This might include things like keyboard layout, timezone, and display settings. These can usually be found in the system settings GUI.
6. Secure your system: You should install a firewall to help protect your system. UFW (Uncomplicated Firewall) is a good choice for beginners:
   sudo apt-get install ufw
sudo ufw enable

   You might also want to install antivirus software, like ClamAV.

7. Set up backups: It’s important to regularly back up your data. There are many solutions available, including Deja Dup, which is included in many distributions.

Remember to regularly check for and install updates to keep your system secure. Enjoy your new Linux installation!

Frequently Asked Questions

Which Linux distribution is the best for beginners?

While there’s no definitive answer to this due to the varied preferences among users, Ubuntu is generally considered one of the best Linux distributions for beginners. It has a user-friendly interface, a wide range of applications, and a strong support community. Other beginner-friendly options include Linux Mint, Fedora, and Zorin OS.

What software can I use to create a bootable USB for Linux?

There are several tools available to create a bootable USB drive. Rufus is a popular choice for Windows users, while Etcher works well on both MacOS and Linux. Both are free to use and support a wide range of ISO files.

Can I install Linux alongside my existing operating system?

Yes, you can install Linux alongside your existing operating system, a configuration commonly referred to as “dual booting”. During the installation process, select the “Install Ubuntu alongside” option when prompted. This will allow you to choose between your existing operating system and Linux every time you boot your computer.

How long does it take to install Linux?

The installation time can vary depending on your system’s hardware, the Linux distribution you’re installing, and your internet speed (for downloading updates during installation). Generally, the process can take anywhere from 20 minutes to an hour.

What should I do after installing Linux?

After installing Linux, it’s a good practice to update your system. This ensures that you have the latest security patches and software updates. Additionally, you might want to explore and install software that suits your needs. Linux has a vast array of applications for various purposes, from office suites to media players and graphics editors.

I’m getting an error during the installation process. What should I do?

If you encounter an error during the installation process, try searching the exact error message online. The Linux community is extensive and supportive, and it’s likely that someone has encountered a similar issue and found a solution. Alternatively, you could seek help on Linux forums or subreddits. Always ensure that your system meets the minimum hardware requirements of the Linux distribution you are trying to install.